Spheroidization and graphitization are competing mechanisms that occur at overlapping temperature ranges. Spheroidization tends to occur preferentially above _______ while
graphitization predominates below this temperature.
In most cases, brittle fracture occurs only at temperatures below the Charpy impact
transition temperature. Steel cleanliness and ________ have a significant influence on
toughness and resistance to brittle fracture.
Hydrogen blisters may form as surface bulges on the ID, the OD on within the wall
thickness of a pipe or pressure vessel. Blistering occurs from hydrogen generated by
______, not hydrogen gas from the process stream.