Elite Running Ltd has recently implemented a new evaluation process that bases bonuses primarily on the variance between budgeted andactual cost for cost centers. Individuals with budgeted to actual variances in excess of 20% will receive no bonus. Richard Banes overseesone cost center of Elite and is concerned that his bonus will be adversely impacted. He has a strong personal relationship with the controller,who is responsible for developing, reviewing, and approving budgets. He has asked the controller to accept his budget with estimated costshigher than would be reasonably expected for the next fiscal year. In appreciation for accepting these inflated costs, Banes offered thecontroller season tickets to the sport of his choice. Which one of the following standards of IMA’s Statement of Ethical Professional Practiceis relevant?
A specialty instrument manufacturer is in the process of establishing a cost system. The company produces machines that are unique and distinctive. These machines are produced when purchase requests are received from customers. Although some common parts and sub-assemblies are to be held in inventory, no finished goods inventory is maintained since each purchase request is for a customized specialty instrument. The type of cost accumulation system that would be best suited for this type of environment would be