Adapted from An Introduction to Astronomy by Forest Ray Moulton (1916 ed.)
It is doubtful if any important scientific idea ever sprang suddenly into the mind of a single man. The great
intellectual movements in the world have had long periods of preparation, and often many men were groping for
the same truth, without exactly seizing it, before it was fully comprehended.
The foundation on which all science rests is the principle that the universe is orderly, and that all phenomena
succeed one another in harmony with invariable laws. Consequently, science was impossible until the truth of
this principle was perceived, at least as applied to a limited part of nature.
The phenomena of ordinary observation, as, for example, the weather, depend on such a multitude of factors
that it was not easy for men in their primitive state to discover that they occur in harmony with fixed laws. This
was the age of superstition, when nature was supposed to be controlled by a great number of capricious gods
whose favor could be won by childish ceremonies. Enormous experience was required to dispel such errors
and to convince men that the universe is one vast organization whose changes take place in conformity with
laws which they can in no way alter.
The actual dawn of science was in prehistoric times, probably in the civilizations that flourished in the valleys of
the Nile and the Euphrates. In the very earliest records of these people that have come down to modern times it
is found that they were acquainted with many astronomical phenomena and had coherent ideas with respect to
the motions of the sun, moon, planets, and stars. It is perfectly clear from their writings that it was from their observations of the heavenly bodies that they first obtained the idea that the universe is not a chaos. Day and
night were seen to succeed each other regularly, the moon was found to pass through its phases
systematically, the seasons followed one another in order, and in fact the more conspicuous celestial
phenomena were observed to occur in an orderly sequence. It is to the glory of astronomy that it first led men to
the conclusion that law reigns in the universe.
According to this passage, why were astronomical bodies so important to the emergence of science?
The next morning a message came from Lady Berrick, to say that she would see her nephew after breakfast.
Left by myself, I walked toward the pier, and met with a man who asked me to hire his boat. He had lines and
bait, at my service. Most unfortunately, as the event proved, I decided on occupying an hour or two by sea
fishing.
The wind shifted while we were out, and before we could get back to the harbor, the tide had turned against us.
It was six o’clock when I arrived at the hotel. A little open carriage was waiting at the door. I found Romayne
impatiently expecting me, and no signs of dinner on the table. He informed me that he had accepted an
invitation, in which I was included, and promised to explain everything in the carriage. Our driver took the road
that led toward the High Town. I subordinated my curiosity to my sense of politeness, and asked for news of his
aunt’s health
In context, the word “subordinated” (at the end of the passage) most nearly means