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Question 1
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"The Sociology of Deviance" by Joseph Ritchie (2014)
Sociologically, deviance is defined as behaviors or actions that violate informal or formal social sanctions. A formal social sanction is one set by a proper authority, such as a state or federal legislature. Formal laws and
sanctions are often enforced and propagated by an official body or organization, such as police departments
and court houses. Informal sanctions are known as "folkways" and "mores." Informal sanctions are not
proposed as law and are enforced by informal means such as exclusion, avoidance, or negative sentiments.
Deviance and the enforcement of social norms, both formal and informal, play important roles in the
construction of society and its values.
Sociologist Emile Durkheim hypothesized that deviance is an important and necessary part of the organization
of society. He stated that deviance performs the following functions: it affirms cultural norms, defines moral
boundaries, strengthens society’s bonds through its enforcement, and advances social revolution. This is
considered to be a structural-functionalist theory because it outlines deviance’s function in the structure and
construction of society.
Robert Merton outlined deviance as the product of the interactions between an individual’s cultural goals and
the means to obtain these goals as produced by society or institutions. Cultural goals can be described as
financial success, acquisition of academic degrees, or the pursuit of "the American Dream." Institutionalized
means are best described as society’s proposed paths to achieve cultural goals. Merton hypothesized that the
acceptance or rejection of cultural goals and institutionalized means of achievement defined an individual’s
level of deviance. Conformists accept cultural norms and institutionalized means while retreatists reject both
norms and means. An innovator will accept cultural goals but reject the institutionalized means to obtain them.
A ritualist will embrace the rules set forth by society but will lose sight of and reject cultural norms. Lastly,
rebellious individuals will create a counter-culture that not only rejects a society's goals and means, but also
creates new cultural norms and means to achieve these goals.
Deviance plays a role in society that has been studied by various sociologists. Some feel that it is a necessary
element utilized in the structure and function of society, while others feel that it defines an individual’s outlook
on societal norms and means of achievement. Deviance can be described as behavior that goes against the
grain of conduct deemed acceptable by society. The phenomena that exist in its composition and purpose will
continue to be studied by researchers in an effort to better understand society and culture.
"Folkways" and "mores" are best described as which of the following terms?
Answer: A
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"The Sociology of Deviance" by Joseph Ritchie (2014)
Sociologically, deviance is defined as behaviors or actions that violate informal or formal social sanctions. A formal social sanction is one set by a proper authority, such as a state or federal legislature. Formal laws and
sanctions are often enforced and propagated by an official body or organization, such as police departments
and court houses. Informal sanctions are known as "folkways" and "mores." Informal sanctions are not
proposed as law and are enforced by informal means such as exclusion, avoidance, or negative sentiments.
Deviance and the enforcement of social norms, both formal and informal, play important roles in the
construction of society and its values.
Sociologist Emile Durkheim hypothesized that deviance is an important and necessary part of the organization
of society. He stated that deviance performs the following functions: it affirms cultural norms, defines moral
boundaries, strengthens society’s bonds through its enforcement, and advances social revolution. This is
considered to be a structural-functionalist theory because it outlines deviance’s function in the structure and
construction of society.
Robert Merton outlined deviance as the product of the interactions between an individual’s cultural goals and
the means to obtain these goals as produced by society or institutions. Cultural goals can be described as
financial success, acquisition of academic degrees, or the pursuit of "the American Dream." Institutionalized
means are best described as society’s proposed paths to achieve cultural goals. Merton hypothesized that the
acceptance or rejection of cultural goals and institutionalized means of achievement defined an individual’s
level of deviance. Conformists accept cultural norms and institutionalized means while retreatists reject both
norms and means. An innovator will accept cultural goals but reject the institutionalized means to obtain them.
A ritualist will embrace the rules set forth by society but will lose sight of and reject cultural norms. Lastly,
rebellious individuals will create a counter-culture that not only rejects a society's goals and means, but also
creates new cultural norms and means to achieve these goals.
Deviance plays a role in society that has been studied by various sociologists. Some feel that it is a necessary
element utilized in the structure and function of society, while others feel that it defines an individual’s outlook
on societal norms and means of achievement. Deviance can be described as behavior that goes against the
grain of conduct deemed acceptable by society. The phenomena that exist in its composition and purpose will
continue to be studied by researchers in an effort to better understand society and culture.
"Folkways" and "mores" are best described as which of the following terms?
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Question 2
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Here my friend, about whose madness I now saw, or fancied that I saw, certain indications of method, removed
the peg which marked the spot where the beetle fell, to a spot about three inches to the westward of its former
position. Taking, now, the tape measure from the nearest point of the trunk to the peg, as before, and
continuing the extension in a straight line to the distance of fifty feet, a spot was indicated, removed, by several
yards, from the point at which we had been digging.
Around the new position a circle, somewhat larger than in the former instance, was now described, and we
again set to work with the spades. I was dreadfully weary, but, scarcely understanding what had occasioned the
change in my thoughts, I felt no longer any great aversion from the labor imposed. I had become most
unaccountably interested – nay, even excited. Perhaps there was something, amid all the extravagant
demeanor of Legrand – some air of forethought, or of deliberation, which impressed me. I dug eagerly, and now
and then caught myself actually looking, with something that very much resembled expectation, for the fancied
treasure, the vision of which had demented my unfortunate companion. At a period when such vagaries of
thought most fully possessed me, and when we had been at work perhaps an hour and a half, we were again
interrupted by the violent howlings of the dog. His uneasiness, in the first instance, had been, evidently, but the
result of playfulness or caprice, but he now assumed a bitter and serious tone. Upon Jupiter’s again attempting
to muzzle him, he made furious resistance, and, leaping into the hole, tore up the mould frantically with his
claws. In a few seconds he had uncovered a mass of human bones, forming two complete skeletons,
intermingled with several buttons of metal, and what appeared to be the dust of decayed woolen. One or two
strokes of a spade upturned the blade of a large Spanish knife, and, as we dug farther, three or four loose
pieces of gold and silver coin came to light.
At sight of these the joy of Jupiter could scarcely be restrained, but the countenance of his master wore an air
of extreme disappointment he urged us, however, to continue our exertions, and the words were hardly uttered
when I stumbled and fell forward, having caught the toe of my boot in a large ring of iron that lay half buried in
the loose earth.
We now worked in earnest, and never did I pass ten minutes of more intense excitement. During his interval we
had fairly unearthed an oblong chest of wood, which, from its perfect preservation and wonderful hardness, had
plainly been subjected to some mineralizing process – perhaps that of the Bi-chloride of Mercury. This box was
three feet and a half long, three feet broad, and two and a half feet deep. It was firmly secured by bands of
wrought iron, riveted, and forming a kind of open trelliswork over the whole. On each side of the chest, near the
top, were three rings of iron – six in all – by means of which a firm hold could be obtained by six persons. Our
utmost united endeavors served only to disturb the coffer very slightly in its bed. We at once saw the
impossibility of removing so great a weight. Luckily, the sole fastenings of the lid consisted of two sliding bolts.
These we drew back trembling and panting with anxiety. In an instant, a treasure of incalculable value lay
gleaming before us. As the rays of the lanterns fell within the pit, there flashed upwards a glow and a glare,
from a confused heap of gold and of jewels, that absolutely dazzled our eyes. I shall not pretend to describe the feelings with which I gazed. Amazement was, of course, predominant.
Legrand appeared exhausted with excitement, and spoke very few words. Jupiter’s countenance wore, for
some minutes, as deadly a pallor as it is possible, in nature of things, for any negro’s visage to assume. He
seemed stupefied thunder stricken. Presently he fell upon his knees in the pit, and, burying his naked arms up
to the elbows in gold, let them there remain, as if enjoying the luxury of a bath.
It became necessary, at last, that I should arouse both master and valet to the expediency of removing the
treasure. It was growing late, and it behooved us to make exertion, that we might get every thing housed before
daylight. It was difficult to say what should be done, and much time was spent in deliberation – so confused
were the ideas of all. We, finally, lightened the box by removing two thirds of its contents, when we were
enabled, with some trouble, to raise it from the hole. The articles taken out were deposited among the
brambles, and the dog left to guard them, with strict orders from Jupiter neither, upon any pretence, to stir from
the spot, nor to open his mouth until our return.
The sentence “Perhaps there was something, amid all the extravagant demeanor of Legrand – some air of
forethought, or of deliberation, which impressed me” (2nd paragraph) is best an example of
Answer: A
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Here my friend, about whose madness I now saw, or fancied that I saw, certain indications of method, removed
the peg which marked the spot where the beetle fell, to a spot about three inches to the westward of its former
position. Taking, now, the tape measure from the nearest point of the trunk to the peg, as before, and
continuing the extension in a straight line to the distance of fifty feet, a spot was indicated, removed, by several
yards, from the point at which we had been digging.
Around the new position a circle, somewhat larger than in the former instance, was now described, and we
again set to work with the spades. I was dreadfully weary, but, scarcely understanding what had occasioned the
change in my thoughts, I felt no longer any great aversion from the labor imposed. I had become most
unaccountably interested – nay, even excited. Perhaps there was something, amid all the extravagant
demeanor of Legrand – some air of forethought, or of deliberation, which impressed me. I dug eagerly, and now
and then caught myself actually looking, with something that very much resembled expectation, for the fancied
treasure, the vision of which had demented my unfortunate companion. At a period when such vagaries of
thought most fully possessed me, and when we had been at work perhaps an hour and a half, we were again
interrupted by the violent howlings of the dog. His uneasiness, in the first instance, had been, evidently, but the
result of playfulness or caprice, but he now assumed a bitter and serious tone. Upon Jupiter’s again attempting
to muzzle him, he made furious resistance, and, leaping into the hole, tore up the mould frantically with his
claws. In a few seconds he had uncovered a mass of human bones, forming two complete skeletons,
intermingled with several buttons of metal, and what appeared to be the dust of decayed woolen. One or two
strokes of a spade upturned the blade of a large Spanish knife, and, as we dug farther, three or four loose
pieces of gold and silver coin came to light.
At sight of these the joy of Jupiter could scarcely be restrained, but the countenance of his master wore an air
of extreme disappointment he urged us, however, to continue our exertions, and the words were hardly uttered
when I stumbled and fell forward, having caught the toe of my boot in a large ring of iron that lay half buried in
the loose earth.
We now worked in earnest, and never did I pass ten minutes of more intense excitement. During his interval we
had fairly unearthed an oblong chest of wood, which, from its perfect preservation and wonderful hardness, had
plainly been subjected to some mineralizing process – perhaps that of the Bi-chloride of Mercury. This box was
three feet and a half long, three feet broad, and two and a half feet deep. It was firmly secured by bands of
wrought iron, riveted, and forming a kind of open trelliswork over the whole. On each side of the chest, near the
top, were three rings of iron – six in all – by means of which a firm hold could be obtained by six persons. Our
utmost united endeavors served only to disturb the coffer very slightly in its bed. We at once saw the
impossibility of removing so great a weight. Luckily, the sole fastenings of the lid consisted of two sliding bolts.
These we drew back trembling and panting with anxiety. In an instant, a treasure of incalculable value lay
gleaming before us. As the rays of the lanterns fell within the pit, there flashed upwards a glow and a glare,
from a confused heap of gold and of jewels, that absolutely dazzled our eyes. I shall not pretend to describe the feelings with which I gazed. Amazement was, of course, predominant.
Legrand appeared exhausted with excitement, and spoke very few words. Jupiter’s countenance wore, for
some minutes, as deadly a pallor as it is possible, in nature of things, for any negro’s visage to assume. He
seemed stupefied thunder stricken. Presently he fell upon his knees in the pit, and, burying his naked arms up
to the elbows in gold, let them there remain, as if enjoying the luxury of a bath.
It became necessary, at last, that I should arouse both master and valet to the expediency of removing the
treasure. It was growing late, and it behooved us to make exertion, that we might get every thing housed before
daylight. It was difficult to say what should be done, and much time was spent in deliberation – so confused
were the ideas of all. We, finally, lightened the box by removing two thirds of its contents, when we were
enabled, with some trouble, to raise it from the hole. The articles taken out were deposited among the
brambles, and the dog left to guard them, with strict orders from Jupiter neither, upon any pretence, to stir from
the spot, nor to open his mouth until our return.
The sentence “Perhaps there was something, amid all the extravagant demeanor of Legrand – some air of
forethought, or of deliberation, which impressed me” (2nd paragraph) is best an example of
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Question 3
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A right triangle has legs of 15m and 20m. What is the length of the hypotenuse?
Answer: C
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A right triangle has legs of 15m and 20m. What is the length of the hypotenuse?
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Question 4
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(1) On my nineteenth birthday, I began my trip to Mali, West Africa. (2) Some 24 hours later I arrived inBamako, the capital of Mali. (3) The sun had set and the night was starless. (4) One of the officials from theliteracy program I was working was there to meet me. (5) After the melee in the baggage claim, we proceededto his car. (6) Actually, it was a truck. (7) I was soon to learn that most people in Mali that had automobilesactually had trucks or SUVs. (8) Apparently, there not just a convenience but a necessity when you live on theedge of the Sahara. (9) I threw my bags into the bed of the truck, and hopped in to the back of the cab. (10)Riding to my welcome dinner, I stared out the windows of the truck and took in the city. (11) It was truly aforeign land to me, and I knew that I was an alien there. (12) “What am I doing here?” I thought.(13) It is hard to believe but seven months later I returned to the same airport along the same road that I hadtraveled on that first night in Bamako, and my perspective on the things that I saw had completely changed.(14) The landscape that had once seemed so desolate and lifeless now was the homeland of people that I hadcome to love. (15) When I looked back at the capital, Bamako, fast receding on the horizon, I did not see a cityforeboding and wild in its foreignness. (16) I saw the city which held so many dear friends. (17) I saw teadrinking sessions going late into the night.(18) I saw the hospitality and open-heartedness of the people of Mali. (19) The second time, everything lookedcompletely different, and I knew that it was I who had changed and not it.Which of the following is revision of sentence 4?One of the officials from the literacy program I was working was there to meet me.
Answer: A
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Question 5
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Which of the following is true of the solution set of the equation 4x2 + 7x – 5 = x2 + 2x – 10?
Answer: A
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Which of the following is true of the solution set of the equation 4x2 + 7x – 5 = x2 + 2x – 10?